Of Mice and Men Persuasive Essay free essay sample

There is a significant disparity of treatment in the way the criminal justice system handles things. Unfortunately, theres a double standard because there is a double standard in society. † David Raybin. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck; Steinbeck introduces two men, George and Lennie, who live in Salinas, California. The novel occurs in the 1930s, during the great depression; in the novel, both men go from one job to another as they try to purchase their own ‘American Dream’. The dream to build a shack with an acre of land, but as they struggle with life, their shot at achieving their dream disappears. Towards the end, George murders Lennie in order to solve problems that Lennie caused throughout the plot. Lennie’s murder is categorized as mercy killing; mercy killing is known as killing a person for the benefit of their own good. This novel makes it clear that mercy is the best way to kill people with disabilities, it takes the cruelty out of killing by making it more kind. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men Persuasive Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page George committed mercy killing by shooting Lennie. Even though George did not feel right in killing his only best friend, he realized that his actions were justified because Lennie was going to die regardless. In the novel, Lennie is known for killing little creatures on accident, the fact that he kills them by showing love and care towards the animal foreshadows the murder of Curley’s wife. Lennie accidently killed Curley’s wife by petting her hair, when George realizes what Lennie has done he realizes that he has to kill Lennie before Curley or the police. It is because of Lennie’s incapacities that allow mercy killing to be better then capital punishment, since Lennie does not understand the difference from right and wrong. It is for the best to kill someone out of mercy, and put them out of their misery, than to do capital punishment which beats and tortures them to death. Mercy killing may sound like a dreadful thing to do, but would you rather see a loved one suffering, and in misery, or would you rather see them finally resting and happily at peace? For example, compare Candy’s dog and Lennie. Candy’s dog was already dying slowly; the dog was old, blind and miserable. â€Å"I’ll put the old devil out of his misery right now and get it over with. Ain’t nothing left for him. Can’t eat, can’t see, can’t even walk without hurtin’,† says Carlson, a character from the novel that realizes that the dog would be better off by dying then living another painful day. Lennie like the dog would have been tortured or beaten to death once Curley discovered who killed his wife. Capital punishment is necessary depending on the situation, but mercy killing is the best when it came to people or animals with incapacities. Mercy killing is killing out of love; it takes love and courage to know that an animal or a friend like Lennie is better off dead. George killed his best friend out of love; he loved Lennie so much that he rather kill Lennie himself then to have Curley kill Lennie out of spite.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X essays

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X essays Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - Two Views, One Cause Many black authors and leaders of the sixties shared similar feelings towards the white run American society in which they lived. Malcolm X, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Stokely Carmichael all blamed the whites for the racism which existed. However, they agreed that it was up to the black society to end this problem. Using the black society, each of the authors had their own idea of how racism could be stopped. Unfortunately, for some, such as Malcolm X, this involved the use of violence, while others, such as King, favored the non-violent approach. This paper will focus, for the most part, on Malcolm X and King because they are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Perhaps their different approaches of violence and nonviolence stem from their original opinions of how capable the whites are Not all of the whites involved in the problem of racism supported it. Some were actually trying to help fight for the blacks. Unfortunately, it took Malcolm X a long time to figure that out. Malcolm's paper, "The Ballot or the Bullet," makes that clear. In his paper, he is constantly criticizing whites as a whole. He does not consider, even for a moment, that a white could actually support equality for all men. "Usually, it's the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is supposed to be your friend. He may be friendly, but he's not your friend" However, in a later work of his, "1965," one can see that Malcolm was learning to accept whites as possible allies. I tried in every speech I made to clarify my new position regarding white people - 'I don't speak against the sincere, well meaning, good white people. I have learned that there are some. I have learned that not all white people are racists' (367). ...

Managing Projects Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Projects - Term Paper Example B. Activity Timing Calculation for Earliest Finish Time (EFT) and LST (Latest Start Time) are shown in the appendix 1. In such context, Field and Keller (2007) gave the following equation to calculate the float time; Float Time= LFT –EST - Duration Generally, float time is defined as the amount of slack time allowed in project or it can be said that amount of time that can be delayed without delaying the completion time of the project. Total float time for the project has been calculated as 29 days and the calculation is given in the appendix 2 section. C. Critical Path It is evident from the research work of Takim, Akintoye and Kelly (2004) that measurement of critical path or the longest route to complete the project plays vital role in project management. Float time has been taken as zero while calculating the critical path. In such context, the path passing through activity points such as A, B, C, F, G, K, L, M, N, O, Q and R has been identified as critical path for the pr oject. Hence, by joining the time scales of these critical activity points we get 50 days as the completion time for the project. At least 50 days will be needed in order to accomplish the project. D. Project Completion Time Project starts on Monday 15th July, 2013 and the project team will work for 5days a week (supposing there will be no holidays except weekend holidays). Taking account of the 50 days project completion period, it can be said that the project will be completed on 20th September, 2013 (Friday). Calculation of the end day of the project has been given in the appendix 3 section. E. Delay in Activity Float time for activity E (not a critical activity) is 2 days which means that maximum 2 days can be delayed for completion of E activity hence delaying activity E for 1 day will not affect the project completion time. Float time for activity P (not a critical activity) is 3 days which means that maximum 3 days can be delayed for completion of P activity hence delaying ac tivity P for 2 days will not affect the project completion time. Q lies in the critical path hence reduction or increase of the duration of the activity will affect the completion time of the project. 1 day early completion of the project Q will help the project to be completed 1 day early. However, delay in activities will definitely increase the cost of the project hence project managers should try to complete each activity on time in order to control the cost of the project. F. Network Diagrams- Limitations Taylor (2006) showed doubt over the usability of network diagram in complex projects while other research scholars pointed out that network diagram is basically probabilistic in nature. Taylor (2006) also pointed out that using network diagram in big project increases the complexity and also creates problem for project members to understand the flow of activities. In such context, limitations of the network diagram can be depicted in the following manner; Concept of Poisson di stribution is used in order to understand the

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law - Essay Example This is a system that categorises the different laws enacted into several distinct sections. However, other laws have legal jurisdiction in the United States, but they are not categorized under the United States Code. Some of these laws include the Universal Commercial Code (UCC) and the law of contracts. Scenario Overview The scenario presented by the events leading to the case of Chetum versus Barkley raises a lot of legal issues that need to be investigated. Ian Chetum is a shrewd businessman who awarded a contract to a family firm belonging to Knarles and Barkely. However, the terms of the contract were unclear and thus it created conflict between the interested parties. Ian Chetum has sued Barkely and his company for breach of contract, and this situation needs legal interpretation. There are several laws enacted in the United States of America and this laws deal with civil wrongs, torts or contracts. The sale of goods or service is guided the law of contracts, but in this scena rio, we witness several mistakes committed by the stakeholders in the case. For instance, Ian Chetum who owns the building in North Virginia ignored expert advice advanced to him by a plumber who works for Barkely. It is important to note that the firm run by Knarles and Barkely has jurisdiction in three districts of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia. As a result, they have the legal right to operate in these regions while the company can conduct business with any business partner or consumer. Laws in the United States There are several laws in the United States of America and most of these laws are enacted the House of Senate. Most of US laws are sourced from the senate while other international laws are recognised in the United States. For instance, the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is an international law that has jurisdiction in the US. Other sources of law that is usually relied upon in the courts of law in the United States include law based on precedence. This is whereby court decisions on previous legal matters are used in solving current court cases. Most agreements or contracts are based on the agreements made between two or more parties. A contract has provisions that guide on initiation, performance and termination of the agreement/contract. A contract should be entered through an agreement where an offer is made by one party, and acceptance is done by the other party. For a contract to be legally binding there must be free and genuine consent between the parties. A contract should include provisions that can easily be performed while the provisions should bear meaning. In the United States, the laws of contract and sales are different since these laws are used in different circumstances. For instance, contracts are used in drawing agreements that last long periods of time unlike sales laws that govern on sale of goods. Legal Issues The scenario presented in this case raises several legal issues which surround the job conducted on Ian Chetum’s building. Employees or professional who work on certain jobs have to be certified to conduct these jobs. Knarles’ company employees a plumber who is certified by the District of Columbia and thus, he has jurisdiction to work in Columbia. This raises the legal issue of jurisdiction in that is the same plumber licensed to work in other Districts such as Virginia and Maryland. Another important legal issue that needs to be looked into is if the unintended non-renewal of the plumber’

Terry vs ohio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Terry vs ohio - Research Paper Example Ironically, this chance presented itself in form of a case, the Terry versus Ohio case. Many other cases have taken place in federal and Supreme Courts, and the Terry versus Ohio case, which took place over 40 years ago, is applied. Some people argue against the terry versus Ohio outcome. This work, therefore shall give a detailed account of what led to the arrest, who was involved, the charges, the outcome of the case and thereafter look at several issues that arise and can be seen from this case. Background The events of that case began on the afternoon of 31ST October, 1963.A law enforcement officer in his civilian dressing making his afternoon tour, spotted two men from a distance. In his testimony, the officer, Mr. Martin McFadden told the court that he spotted two men in Euclid Avenue. He took keen interest in them as he had never seen them before, not that he knew everyone in that town, but he just took keen interest in them. For him, they appeared to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. He took his time to study them and that is when he realized their questionable actions and movements.3 These two men talked briefly, and then one of them walked along the corridor, stopping for some time to look through the windows of a particular and specific store. After this, the man went back to his company, and after some time, the other man did the same thing, walked along the corridor and stopped at the same store. This further increased the curiosity of the officer. After around six times of this repeated routine, the two men were joined by another man. More talking was done and then the newly arrived man left. The law enforcement reported to the court that after this man left, the two men who were there earlier continued with their earlier suspicious routine. They did this for about fifteen minutes and then left, following the direction that the other man had taken. This further increased the curiosity of the officer, who had been watching them from a close enough distance. According to him, he suspected that they were ‘casing a job’. He followed them and found them in the company of the man who had left earlier. After all, as he said in the court, McFadden had enough experience to tell when something wrong and suspicious was cooking. In his 39 years of service, dealing with pickpockets and shop breakers, the officer had learnt to read the signs of such people.4 Officer McFadden approached them and produced his identification. He asked them what their names were, but they officer did not comprehend what they said. They mumbled incoherently. They officer had a strong suspicion that these three men were up to no good, and that is when he grabbed one of the men, Terry and spun him round. He felt a gun in Terry’s overcoat pocket, but could not reach it. He ordered the three men to enter into the nearby Zuckers store and face the wall. The officer removed Terry’s overcoat, from which he recovered a 38 caliber revo lver.5 He also patted the other men’s outer clothing. He recovered a pistol from Chitton, the man with whom Terry had done the routine walks with. On the other man, Kartz, there was no weapon found. The two men

Consent Of An Intoxicated Victim Rape Law Essay

Consent Of An Intoxicated Victim Rape Law Essay Provisions of the sexual offences 2003 act In times gone by, the offence of rape was defined as the carnal knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will.1 The offence was initially silent on the issue of mens rea and it was not until DPP v Morgan2 that its inclusion and the effect that this had on mistakes about consent was established. The House of Lords held that a trust in consent, even if irrational, would go against mens rea provided that the trust was honest. Although subject to a measure of criticism, such as that it represented a rapists charter,3 this is still the approach to the offence in the common law jurisdictions. Rape requires evidence of the physical essentials of penetration without consent and also the mental aspect that the offender not only intended to penetrate but knew the victim was not consenting or was careless as to whether the victim was consenting.4 carelessness is generally understood subjectively to mean that the offender was conscious that it was probable that the victim was not consenting but continued in any case.5 s 1 defines rape. Intercourse is complete upon proof of penetration by the penis and being complete means that it is has come into existence, not that it has reached an end. It is not necessary to prove that the hymen was broken. Part of the actus reus is that the victim does not consent. 1 St G Tucker, Blackstones Commentaries (William Young Birch and Abraham Small, IV, 1803) 210. 2DPP v Morgan [1976] AC 182. 3J Temkin, Rape and the Legal Process (Sweet Maxwell, 1987) 79. 4Crimes Act 1900 (ACT) s 54; Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s 61I and s 61R(1); Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA) s 48; Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) s 38. 5 See DPP v Morgan [1976] AC 182, 215; Satnam and Kewal (1983) 78 Cr App R 149; Turrise v R [2003] ACTCA 23; R v Brown (1975) 10 SASR 139; Wozniak and Pendry (1977) 16 SASR 67, 175. s 2 This was a new offence that didnt exist at all previous to the 2003 Act. The actus reus can be that accused uses a part of his body to penetrate victim as in rape, but orally is not included in this offence, and what he penetrates victim with can be his penis or it can be anything else, eg fingers, bottle, anything, and the victim must factually not consent. The crossover with rape will operate if the victim is unable to determine what she was penetrated with perhaps because she was intoxicated, injured or asleep. The mens rea is intention. As with rape, this offence requires a reasonable belief in consent and can be committed recklessly as a result of that. It is therefore a basic intent crime which means that evidence of no mens rea due to involuntary intoxication will be a defence R v Majewski [1977] AC 443. Sexual is defined at s 78 of the 2003 Act. s 3 This offence is akin to the old offence of indecent assault under the 1956 Act, other than the s 3 offence here req uires that D touch V in the circumstances described. The old law only required an assault, which of course need not have involved actual touching. Under the common law in R v Rolfe [1952] 36 Cr App R4 D was guilty of an indecent assault when he walked toward V with his penis exposed. This would not satisfy the s 3 offence now. However, R v H [2005] EWCA Crim 732 shows that only the slightest touch to Vs clothing in a sexual way will suffice. Sexual is defined ats 78 of the 2003 Act, and Ds belief in consent must be reasonable. s 4 The actus reus is not complete unless V factually engages in a sexual act at the instigation of D and V factually does not consent. Sexual is defined at s 78 and Ds belief, if he is to escape liability, must be a reasonable one that V consents. There is no requirement for D to be present when V engages in the activity. Causing V to masturbate herself or causing V to engage in acts of prostitution are examples that would fit s 4. s 61 Administering a substance can be done in any manner, eg in food or drink, by injection or by way of inhalation (perhaps on a smothering cloth or in vapour held under the nose whilst V is asleep). D must administer the substance or cause a third party to do so and while a sexual activity must be intended it need not be D who it is planned will engage in it with V. V must factually not consent and D must be aware of this a mere belief that V might not consent is insufficient. s 74 provides that: a person consents if she agrees by choice, and has the freedom and capacity to make that choice. The definition is based on free agreement. s 75 A conclusive presumption means that the presumption will apply, in this case that V did not consent, if the relevant act is proven to have occurred (the sexual act) and the circumstances described are proven to have occurred (eg D deceived V as to the nature of the sexual act). D will then be presumed to have not had Vs consent and there is no opportunity for him to argue that he did have it. The requirements of force and lack of will were replaced by the perception of consent in the mid 19th century. The turning point was the case of R v Camplin,6 where a woman was penetrated after being made drunk by the accused. Faced with no indication of force against the victim, the House of Lords decided that there could be rape if the penetration took place without the consent and against the will of the victim. In focusing on consent rather than force it has been argued that the offence does not capture the real nature of rape.7 Feminists have articulated several apprehensions about whether the focus on consent sufficiently protects women.8 Firstly, an objectionable consequence of making the consent of the victim the central question has been that criminal trials tend to focus on the conduct and sexual history of the victim rather than on the conduct of the accused.9 A second criticism is that the everyday use of the term consent does not satisfactorily distinguish between cases in which the victim submits out of fear and cases in which she is prepared to engage in sexual intercourse.10 6 R v Camplin (1845) 1 Cox 22. The decision was confirmed in R v Fletcher (1859) 8 Cox 131. 7 V Tadros, Rape Without Consent (2006) 26 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 515, 516. See also V Tadros, No Consent: A Historical Critique of the Actus Reus of Rape (1999) 3 Edinburgh Law Review 317, 330. 8For further discussion see P Western, Some Common Confusion About Consent in Rape Cases (2004) 2 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 333-359. 9 Tadros, above n 10, 326. 10 Ibid. Finally, it has been argued that the theory of consent cannot be determined reasonably while jurors and judges rely on their predictable views about sexual roles in their assessment of consent such as, put bluntly, yes means no; that women fantasize about being raped; or that women could resist if they really wanted to.11 Voluntary intoxication vs forced intoxication There is a well-established link between the use of commonplace intoxicants like alcohol and sexual assault. Estimates vary between studies, but it is generally accepted that alcohol has been consumed by one or both parties in a high proportion of rape cases. Alcohol has thus been suggested to be both a precipitant of, and an excuse for, sexual aggression by men (Richardson and Campbell, 1982; (Richardson and Hammock, 1991). In addition, alcohol use has been studied as a risk factor for sexual victimization, since it lowers awareness of risky situations and impairs the ability to resist assault (Abbey, 1991; Berkowitz, 1992). Four of the simulations involved alcohol, with the key variable relating to the means of administration to the complainant: (1) unambiguous self-administration; (2) self-administration under pressure from the defendant; (3) surreptitious strengthening of an alcoholic drink by the defendant; and (4) surreptitious administration into a non-alcoholic drink by the d efendant Present Scenario The existing situation where there is no statutory definition of consent to any sexual act which might otherwise be a crime is far from perfect, leading to a lack of lucidity for the complainant, the accused and the Jury. The positive impact of a lucid definition should also be felt outside the courtroom, preventing at least some acts of sexual violence. It would seem best that an alternative expanded and more inclusive definition of consent should have as its primary focus the conduct of the accused rather than that of the complainant, as far as possible, with the aim of 11 See Victorian Law Reform Commission, Sexual Offences: Interim Report (2003) 310. avoiding protracted, hostile and thorough cross-examination of the complainant on matters which are often of doubtful bearing to any real issues in the case. Of course, fairness to the accused is a crucial principle. However, no less crucial is the framing of the law to circumvent needless suffering of survivors of sexual aggression by grilling, as there can be no doubt that apprehension of such an ordeal operates to augment the pace of erosion. Is the present definition of consent inadequate Now it is time to endorse a new extended all-inclusive definition of consent which incorporates the benefits and avoids some pitfalls of the definition used in the UK Sexual Offences Act 2003 12. Some legal experts have identified, that the UK definition does not give any guidance as to whether the complainant must communicate consent by words or action 13. However, it is apparent from the successive cases that the most significant rational issue has been capacity. The England and Wales legislation does not include any definition of capacity itself, and its list of situations where there is presumed to be no consent, at sections 75 and 76 of the SOA 2003, does not expressly include the situation where there is no capacity to consent because of self-induced intoxication of the complainant which falls short of unconsciousness. It is reasonable to say that the UK Government examined this breach in the law in the light of the decision of the Court of Appeal in R v Bree [2007] EWCA 256, i n which the Court interpreted the capacity to consent as something which may evaporate well before a complainant becomes unconscious, and explained that if, through drink (or for any other reason) the complainant has temporarily lost her capacity to choose whether to have intercourse on the relevant occasion, she is not consentingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. However, the Court also made it clear that the complainant may still preserve the capacity to consent (or not) even if she has had quite a lot to drink, which means that basically each case will turn on its own facts. The UK Government decided not to change the law subsequent to this decision. 12 See Section 74 of the UK Sexual Offences Act 2003: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..a person consents if he agrees by choice, and has the freedom and capacity to make that choice. 13 For example, see an article by Victor Tadros entitled Rape without Consent, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,Vol 26, No 3(2006), pp 515-543, at page 521 et seq It would seem best, given that this is a situation which arises very frequently, and which gives rise to misuse, that an expansive definition of consent should contain stipulation for the situation where the complainants consent is compromised by her voluntary intoxication. After all, the drink driving laws believe that after use of a very modest measure of alcohol, our competence to control a car carefully is critically affected. Of course, this would mean that the conduct of the complainant would still be under investigation. Some regulation as to what should be included in such an extended definition will be found at Sections 75 of the UK SOA 2003 (evidential presumptions about consent) and Section 76 ibid. (conclusive presumptions about consent), which taken together provide a list of situations in which the lack of consent may be understood, and except for the two exceptional situations contained in Section 76, additionally provide that it is open to the accused to bring in ample evidence to show that there is an issue as to whether the complainant consented, in relation to the particular state of affairs. This list of situations does NOT cover the situation where the complainants capacity to consent is impaired by self-induced intoxication, but he/she is not asleep or otherwise unconscious 14. Circumstances when allowing sexual activity does not amount to consent Allowing sexual activity does not amount to consent in some circumstances like when she does not protest and/or offer physical resistance to the activity or if the activity takes place while she is asleep or is unconscious. A comparable condition may come about when she is affected by drugs or alcohol to such an extent that she is in no situation to consent or refuse. It is not pertinent whether or not she took the drug or alcohol voluntarily or involuntarily. Another condition could be when the person is so affected by a mental or physical condition or impairment that she is in no position to consent or to refuse consent. Similarly, it is not consent to sexual activity if she allows it because she is mistaken about the persons identity or she is mistaken about the nature of the activity. 14 Section 75 (2) (d) UK SOA 2003 A consent by another person on behalf of the complainant cannot be considered a legitimate consent or if another person in a position of power, trust or authority incites her to engage in that activity. A complainant cannot express her consent by a lack of concurrence to engage in that activity or having first consented, she expresses by words or conduct a lack of agreement to continue to engage in such activity. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 and thereafter Demand for change of Law The Government has already made a number of changes to the law on rape and the way the police and Crown Prosecution Service work on these cases. These changes include strengthening the law on rape through the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and developing a network of sexual assault referral centres that provide specialised, dedicated help and support to victims. The pioneer support for a change came from non-government groups and victim and survivor support groups, whilst members of the judiciary and legal profession were less persuaded of the need for change. Moreover, around a third of the respondents who believed that the law should be changed favored a further evidential presumption to cover intoxication by drink and drugs, often citing the recommendation that was made in the report to Home Offices review of the law on sexual offences, Setting the Boundaries, which projected an evidential presumption that read: Where a person asleep, unconscious or too affected by alcohol or drugs to give free agreement. A number of respondents, particularly victim and survivor organizations, further argued that the law as it presently existed was essentially paradoxical on the subject of intoxication. The respondents argued that where intoxication fell short of unconsciousness and was therefore covered by section 75(d) of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, i t was both presumed and not presumed to invalidate consent depending on whether the intoxicating substance was administered covertly or consumed voluntarily. It was suggested that the distinction between those intoxicated having had their drink spiked (or been drugged in some other way) and those intoxicated apparently of their own wish was not as clear cut as the law allowed for. There were cases in which offenders knowingly facilitated the intoxication of susceptible victims in order to commit an offence. One example was where an uncle facilitated the intoxication of a younger niece in order to commit a sexual offence. Even in situations where the offender had not been responsible for inducing intoxication there was a risk that some men can seek to take advantage of the fact that women are drunk and therefore have less capacity to defend against demands or intimidation. Therefore, it was argued that the law should be changed so that it made no distinction between voluntary and involuntary intoxication if the final consequence was a lack of capacity to consent. The proceedings in the case of R v Dougal 15 were widely cited as an example of the difficulties caused in applying the current law to cases involving voluntary intoxication and as an argument in favour of adopting a change in the legislation. This case collapsed when the prosecuting counsel took the view that the prosecution were unable to prove that the complainant, because of her level of intoxication, had not given consent and informed the judge that he did not propose to proceed further. The judge agreed and directed the jury to enter a not guilty verdict. It was argued, that the case should have been proceeded with and the issue of the victims capacity to consent put to the jury. It was argued that a change in the law would allow a similar case to proceed in the future and would provide assistance to the jury in considering the issue of consent. While the relationship between capacity and intoxication was the most prominent issue, responses from police and prosecution representatives and childrens organizations identified other factors that should be taken into account when considering an individuals capacity to consent. These included mental health, domestic violence and the exploitation of victims made vulnerable by their circumstances, for example sex workers. There were differing opinions on whether a change in the law would be necessary to allow the effects of such factors to be considered in relation to consent. Organizations with a specific interest in children supported a change to the law which would take account of the particular vulnerability of children and the circumstances in which they can be exploited in order to commit sex offences. It was noted that alcohol can often be used by offenders to make it easier to commit an offence. 15 R v Dougal (2005) Swansea Crown Court (unreported) However, it was also pointed out that alcohol is frequently consumed voluntarily by teenagers before engaging in consensual sex and that it was important that intoxication should not be the only factor taken into account when considering the capacity of those under 16 to consent as this could lead to inappropriate prosecutions. The opinion that the law did not need to be changed was most commonly held by members of the legal profession, the judiciary and law enforcement agencies. Some argued that the law had only been in force for a relatively brief period and that any meaningful assessment of the Acts provisions was therefore premature. Continual change, others argued, rather than bringing clarity, would only serve to cause further confusion. Opponents of change argued, it would be wrong to seek to change the legislation simply because of the outcome of the case of R v Dougal. They took the view that the Sexual Offences Act 2003 had provided a welcome modification to the law on cons ent, which had improved the law because juries were now required to consider what steps the accused had taken to establish whether or not the complainant genuinely consented. Although there may now be a focus less on whether or not consent was given but rather on whether the complainant had the capacity to give consent, this did not challenge the adequacy of the law as it was currently framed. Those who did not consider that the law needed changing argued that it was already the case that a jury could ask themselves whether the complainant was in a fit state to give free and informed consent, especially if they had been drinking heavily. It was suggested by judicial respondents that R v Dougal had been an exceptional case and that in most similar cases juries have been properly directed that lack of capacity includes incapacity through excessive consumption of alcohol or drugs. There was concern for the broader implications of a change in the law. It was suggested that establishing a link between intoxication and a capacity to consent could result in, and according to some should entitle, a defendant to argue that he was too drunk to assess whether consent had been given. It was also argued that the effect of intoxication on a persons ability to make decisions could not be used as a defence to other offences, for example assault, and so should not be relevant to the capacity to consent in rape cases. However, it was also argued that these two situations were not analogous because victims were not on trial. Section 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 refers to freedom and capacity and argued that there was a distinction between these two concepts. It was argued that capacity to consent was relevant to children and individuals with mental disorders impeding choice but not to adults who had become intoxicated. It was suggested that equating adults with children in this way was a step backwards. Should there be a statutory definition of capacity This change in law by way of inclusion of a definition of capacity would bring a clarity to proceedings and ensure that juries would consider the complainants circumstances, including any effect that alcohol or other substances may have had on their ability and freedom to choose. Advocates of this definition consider that it is clear and easy to understand and would cover the circumstances where a complainant was so drunk but not unconscious as to not know what was happening or unable to say no. A number of those who supported a further evidential presumption based on alcohol consumption suggested that this might be the statutory definition of capacity that was needed. Most commonly, the evidential presumption that was proposed was the one that appeared in Setting the Boundaries. Such an evidential presumption, it was argued would allow the case to be put to the jury, even where the complainant could not remember whether she consented or not. It would, of course, remain open to the defendant to say that the complainant did indeed consent and for the jury to believe him or, at least, give him the benefit of the doubt. Philosophical issues Does a person who is voluntarily drunk remain capable of giving valid consent to sex? The Court of Appeal in Bree held that a drunken consent is still (valid) consent, though it further recognises that the capacity to consent may evaporate well before a complainant becomes unconscious. This decision is a move in the right direction, yet this article argues that it has not gone far enough, and that s. 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which governs these scenarios allows-and even requires-a more drastic interpretation: a drunken consent is not consent when the person is very drunk. Based on a distinction between factual and legal consent, the article starts by setting up the legal framework as set out in s. 74, and developed in Bree and H. It then goes on to criticise the current case law and its interpretation of s. 74 for not being restrictive enough, by examining two possible theoretical rationales, mentioned in the judgments. The first, which is based on an analogy with the law r elating to intoxicated offenders, is criticised on the grounds of differences between consent and intent. The second, which is based on the general argument that this position recognises the positive aspect of sexual autonomy, is criticised for its failure to distinguish between claims of normative facts and claims of public policy and for giving too much weight to the latter considerations. From the discussion an alternative, more restrictive position, emerges in line with s. 74 of the 2003 Act, according to which a drunken consent is not consent. This position can be adopted by judges, through the provision of better guidance to juries, but failing that a reform of the law might be needed. @ @ @

Friday Night Lights by H.G. Bissinger Essay -- rural town, football cra

H.G. Bissinger’s Friday Night Lights brings to mind the cold, autumn nights of 1988 where a town, just like any other rural town in America, was brought together in such a raw and emotional way. From the rise and fall of Boobie Miles to the push for the playoffs, it is clear that 1988 Odessa was swept up in the glory of football to replace the grandeur of the 1950s, which seemed to deteriorate throughout that hectic decade. While a modern reader may view Bissinger’s masterpiece as a tale from a dated and faraway place, several factors have kept it in the public’s eye. What is it about Friday Night Lights that still resonates today? The answer can still be found in the same rural towns of America. Though it may seem incredible, Texas is still football crazy, and it may be fairly concluded that emotions have only slightly receded from the obsession they once held towards high school football. People’s inability to analyze themselves, the impact a community c an have on younger generations, and the way priorities can easily be warped all struck me as subjects that have stayed true in Texas culture over the past 26 years. I will be discussing these topics throughout this dissection of Friday Night Lights. The ability to analyze one’s self is a trait that seems to be lacking in nearly everyone until, supposedly, they reach full maturity. It can be noted that this ability is extremely lacking in every character introduced in the book, including adults. All of the coaches and parents fail to realize the great amount of pressure they place on the kids. Rather than being supported, Boobie Miles is treated as a â€Å"has been† at the age of eighteen by everyone surrounding him. Don Billingsley is dejected at the beginning of the season, even b... ...at Round Rock because the school was having difficulty supporting it. It can be understood why the football season of 1988 seems like such a faraway place. 1995, the year I and many of my fellow classmates were born, marked twenty six years since Neil Armstrong walked on the moon. Though it is not a pleasant thought, it seems that the problems Americans faced in 1969, 1988, and now will be problems we must face for years to come. It is our duty to make Texas a better place to live, encourage younger generations that success and happiness exist after high school, and that one is in charge of his own destiny. Works Cited Cantu, Rick. "State's Stadium Spending, Amenities Raise Eyebrows." Austin News, Sports, Weather, Longhorns. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014. .

Bcg Growth â€Share Matrix

BCG is an acronym which stands for Boston Consulting Group Growth –share matrix. This is a mode which is recommended for all companies to use in the event of marketing and resource allocation. The information collected by experts in business environment indicates that there is no strategic management which appears to be successful without using the BCG growth model.Boston Consulting Group is a model widely used by many multinational and domestic companies as instrument in portfolio management in the event of employing a strong base to face their competing companies in the industry they are operating.The BCG matrix helps to play as analytical tool where a certain company is faced with problems of constant market growth rate and lack of advancement in general (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html). Boston consulting group (BCG) growth now comes in as a firm which gears its efforts in giving consultation services to other companies in general organization management where need arises. This firm is highly respected in the business industry due to their efficient and effective job.This firm was started in the 1970s as a business firm but today it has the leading level in terms of business schools and executive education Programmes around the world (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html). Boston Consulting Group labels As a management tool Boston Consulting Group-share matrix can be used to classify product portfolio in four businesses types which are based on four graphic lebels. this include stars cash cows question marks and dogs.it also stipulates priorities which should be extended to a companies product portfolio. According to Boston Consulting Group, priorities in company’s products portfolio can be given by use of the products portfolio cash usage and cash generational, i. e. input and output. Consequently the model gives the company a high light on how to deal with various product lines. For mult inational companies the model acts as an indispensable tool for analytical purpose in this event of evaluating their organizations diversified product lines (http://bankelele.blogspot. com/2007_07_01_archive. html). Market growth and relative market share are the two dimensions in which BCG growth-share matrix can be based on. The two aspects reflect the level in which an organization has excelled in the industry it is operating. Products which are in fast growing market should be highly valued because they bring into the organization the highest profit margin in the organization and this can only be revealed through use of BCG growth-share matrix.Due to correlation between relative market and products cash generation, BCG helps to capture market share of a strategic business unit as well as analyzing how the units in an organization can be well advanced to have a competitive advantage against those of the competitors. The underlying assumption in BCG is that the more an organizatio n is engaged in a particular activity the more they save costs which could have been incurred during the time of trading (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html).This is a suggestion that the effect in experience curve requires that market share to be increased to enable the company to lower the cost in the process of business operation. For those companies with dominant market share then its clear that they will have a cost advantage over competition companies because they have won a greater share of the market (http://bankelele. blogspot. com/2007_07_01_archive. html). The Boston consulting group (BCG) matrix is based on a products life cycle theory which states that a product has four main stages in growth i. e. introduction in to the market, developed through strategic planning, maturity stage after it has gained market adaptation and finally decline stage whereby it starts loosing its taste and demand goes down.According to BCG matrix the product life cyc le determines product portfolio of a business unit. The four categories in which BCG matrix use in placing products in portfolio includes; cash cows whereby, these are units in an organization which have high market share but are slow in growth. Generally these are units which generate cash in excess of the amount of cash needed to maintain the business.All operating companies would like to own and maintain many of cash cow units to maintain the operations in their industries. They are referred to as stand and boring now that investing to this kind of unit might lead to low returns in a business companies normally invest low but they gain a harvest a lot from them,. These units should be well maintained for growth of other units in a business (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html) Dogs are units with low market share in mature slow growing industry usually referred to as pets.These units have got little or no cash generation which can be used to run or maint ain the affairs in a business market share. From accounting perspective these units can only be good in a business in the matter of creating job opportunities to the jobless but in strategic market view they are un worth to be maintained or included in a business product line. Such product units should be removed from business operating system to avoid negative consequence in future. This is because they depress a profitable company’s return on assets ratio used by many investors to judge how well a company is being managed (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html).Question marks are the third class in product portfolio. They are units with high growth rate but low market share and thus they consume a lot of cash though they generate very little of it and this results to high rate of cash consumption in the business. These units have a potential of accelerating to a star level but when the market growth slows, they turn to be cash cows. If the market gro wth declines completely leading to low consumption, then question marks becomes Dogs.Therefore question marks should be carefully scrutinized to see whether they are worth investing in and corrective control measures to be taken. Stars are leader units in the market industry. They are units with high market share in a fast growing industry (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html). To maintain Stars in a business requires a lot of cash and therefore cash cows becomes the support of Stars. This is possible only if the business is worth to be leader in the market industry. If not well maintained Stars, can fall from being leader in the market and become cash cows.Due to the market trends, products in a particular organization keep on changing direction from Stars to Dogs. The natural cycle for most businesses units is that they start as question marks then turns into stars. Eventually the market stops growing and business unit changes from Stars to Cash cows and then Cash cows turns to Dogs with time. BCG growth-share matrix in Unilever Company For a fast growing company and a multinational one for that matter, Unilever Company which engages in different product lines have got no other option but to use the BCG model.This is because an invaluable analytical tool in their diversified product lines as it has been witnessed. According to FMCG and Retail marketing Blog article in February 2008, Unilever Company grew to sputter as P &G and it has taken market share in India. The Unilever Company sells household foods and other consumer related goods. According to the article released on February2008, the speculation of the company seems to notice a global revenue growth slow in the year 2010 as Procter and Gamble Company (http://universityessays. tripod. com/bcg_growth_share_matrix_boston_consulting_group.htm) Being the second world’s largest consumer product maker, Unilever has heavily relied on accelerating shipments of Surf Excel deter gent in India to make up for sluggish sales in Europe. One of their branches is stocking Olay-skin-care products after nearly having the local prices of Ariel and Tide in 2004. The speculation states that there will also be a down fall of the Unilever’s product market share in Asia and Africa where the company has heavily marketed their products since its start of operation (http://www. amazon. co. uk/review/product/1403944539?showViewpoints=1) The estimated fall in Unilever overall sales growth is expected to be 4. 9 per cent in 2010 from estimated 5. 3 per cent in 2007. Its competitor, Procter &Gamble will have a market share increase in the year 2010, according to Bloomberg survey analysts. Unilever Company has various companies and factories in every continent and research laboratories at Colworth and Port Sunlight in England. It started a five year feasibility company initiative in their goal and making sure that they achieve their competitive strategy purposes and specu lations.This was aimed at converging the marketing and disparate arms in their business including personal care and consumables into an umbrella function displaying the breadth of their contributions to personal vitality. As stated by its chief executive officer, Patrick Cescan, the company is planning to take a strong stance on sustainability in the market. Apart from Breyers and Ben and Jerry’s, all its ice cream business is done under the umbrella called Heart brand which was launched in the year 1999 and modified in 2002 as a way of promoting international brand awareness and cross-borders synergies in manufacturing and marketing.The company has the biggest market share in the ice cream industry with an annual turn of â‚ ¬5 billion (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2008/02/unilever-growth-to-sputter-as-p-takes. html) According to Boston Consulting Group, development of matrix requires the assessment of a business portfolio, which includes an organization’s a utonomous divisions in terms of their profit or activities. Unilever company has advanced its strategic management plans to ensure that their products are competitive in the market.Being a consumer goods producer, it has observed global values in terms of cultural diversities and other related issues in their marketing to ensure that they are not faced out of market. Although the model is not used as it was used in the past, BCG growth/share matrix it has one advantage in that it has an ability of providing a comprehensive snapshot of the positions of a company’s various business concerns. It also draws attention to the cash flow investment characteristics and needs of organization to know how to manage and also help the organization to know how to manage and maintain a balanced portfolio.Unilever Company has collected the highest profits from their sales in Africa than any other continent where they have been involved in trading despite the decline in capital investment (Mer cer, D, A 1993). In India and Asian countries investment is increasing and pound for pound profits are much higher than Europe. In the 1970s the Unilever company created an intricate services discount and bonus system in its Danish subsidiary, margarine selskabet aiming at selling as much as margarine as possible.This helped the company put business at a competitive position (http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2008/02/unilever-growth-to-sputter-as-p-takes. html) BCG matrix has been widely used in Unilever especially in house hold goods whereby tastes and preferences change every time where applied BCG matrix helps not only in market growth but also position of cash flow in the organization. BCG matrix has acted as good indication of Unilever markets strength and future potentials and attractiveness to future competitors. Now that BCG matrix ranks only market share and industry growth rate it implies the actual profitably and purpose of any business unit in relation to the 4 graphi c cycles in product portfolio.Unilever Company has dropped many products and developed new ones in the event of satisfying the market demands. In Africa consumer goods from Unilever company has highly excelled due to clear plan and matching with consumer interests. This has been possible through use of BCG matrix which helps identify the position of product in the market and take the possible measures for instance the cash cows business as units will gain their expected profits very fast which give s the management team an easy jobs.The house hold goods in Unilever including soaps and other types of ointments have excelled nicely in African and Asian countries. This helps to reveal good position in Unilever Company among other practicing multinational companies. This helps the company to make wise investment to get the targeted profits. The company has also experienced a lot of problems in certification of some the products in certain countries. This forces it to use extra cash to m ake aggressive promotion in already existing market to increase their sales.In 2005, the company had to permit Glidat Strauss to export its brand of ice cream to United States due to strict kosher certification of products in Israel where by ice cream and Krembo may be sold only in kosher supermarket and other important shops. The company has also invested much in some of its product brand like in personal care products which are believed to be in the question marks. Some of these personal care products cannot become cash cows hence this is seen as wastage of money. The idea behind investing instars and questions is to enable them become cash cows.If they don’t achieve real market dominance then it is advisable for the company to disinvest and try to get whatever possible cash out of the question marks that were not selected (http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Sc-Str/Strategic-Planning-Tools. html0).One of the limitations of Boston Consulting Group matrix is tha t high market share is not the only indicator for success factor but there are some other underlying forces which needs also to be considered. Also market growth is not only indicator for attractive ness of market.Sometimes Dogs can earn even more cash just the same as cash cows. All in all BCG matrix method can help understand or identify a mistake which is repeatedly done by an organization in the strategies they use. This is because there is a well installed system of checking the approaches to strategies used such as generic growth target or generic reform on capital invested for the entire corporation. If the company is experiencing a problem with some of the brand product lines they can dump them just as it is proposed in BCG matrix.Unilever Company used the BCG model as a tool for understanding where their power has in business situation. This is possible through understanding of both strength of their current position and strength of the position they are anticipating for.Th e company has put a strategic plan for 5 years which is aimed at saturating the whole world with their products which are competitive and consumer friendly. A team has been put in place to act on this by improving the company’s weaknesses to strength and stipulate the best methods which would be followed.All this is done to make sure that the company is performing at a level of fulfilling the set goals and standards (http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Sc-Str/Strategic-Planning-Tools. html). For the case of stars most companies’ uses prices skimming to penetrate the market. The prices are normally high and this can lead to low sales. In most cases price skimming can only take very short periods of time which later affects demand of those products hence this products ends up entering in another level of the cycle like â€Å"Questions marks† which denies the company from enjoying its benefit (www.eduessays. com/Essays-x02887. htm). The Boston consulti ng group model has got other related limitations in that when used can make a company end up loosing market share. The BCG matrix model only insists an allocation of resources rule using cash but it does not specify the specific amount of share which a company will receive from this allocation and the market rate. Unilever company have ventured in very many consumer products and it becomes really hard to know which products is in stars or question marks hence it might end up fueling cash to a no growth products line.In some other instances a high market share does not lead consequently to a high profit margin it is clear that low business share are profitable, this can blind font the management to run their company at a loss without knowing if they insist on using more cash to such products. This is instigated by the fact that the model insists on only two dimensions i. e. market share and growth rate of which other factors are held constant in theory but not in real practice (http: //www. kmtalk. net/article. php? story=20070103041059823).The comparison given by BCG matrix is between the product and strategic business unit (SBU) only with a strong competitor in same level yet it disregard small competitor with fast growing market share. Like in consumer goods the Unilever Company has market share. Like in consumer goods the Unilever Company has targeted only the multinational companies without knowing that there are other small companies growing in their industry which can affect their sales in certain countries they have invested. This can lead to a company being put out of place in the market industry.Company which needs to be a leader in terms of market share should produce new products and charge them at a lower price to penetrate to the market. On the other hand BCG model is helpful to management in evaluating the firm’s current balance among stars cash cows, problem child and dogs. And it is also applicable to multinational companies to seek large volume and experience effects because it is easy to understand. This model provides management with basis for understanding and deciding upon how to prepare for the contingent future causes of action.This is useful especially when allocating the limited resources (www. eduessays. com/Essays-x02887. htm).References Economic matrix in big enterprises, available at: http://bankelele. blogspot. com/2007_07_01_archive. html, accessed on July 24, 2008.Executive performance incentive plan of the Unilever Company, available at: http://www. secinfo. com/dkrf. 66. 8. htm, accessed on July 24, 2008 The product portfolio of a business unit, available at: http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2007/11/bcg-matrix. html, accessed on July 24, 2008.The BCG growth-share matrix, available at: http://universityessays. tripod. com/bcg_growth_share_matrix_boston_consulting_group. html accessed on July 24, 2008.The FMCG & RETAIL Marketing Blog, available at: http://fmcg-marketing. blogspot. com/2008/02/uni lever-growth-to-sputter-as-p-takes. html accessed on July 24, 2008.Strategic planning tools, available at: http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Sc-Str/Strategic-Planning-Tools. html accessed on July 24, 2008.Limitations / problems of the BCG Matrix, available at:http://www. eduessays. com/Essays-x02887. htm accessed on July 24, 2008.Mercer, D, A ((1993) Two Decade Test of Product Life Cycle Theory pp 269-274, British Journal of Management, Vol. 4 http://www. newint. org/issue172/keynote. htm accessed on July 24, 2008.Unilever company and product lines, available at: http://www. amazon. co. uk/review/product/1403944539? showViewpoints=1 accessed on July 24, 2008.Strategies in Unilever Company, available at: http://www. kmtalk. net/article. php? story=20070103041059823 accessed on July 24, 2008.

Women Involvement in Business

Women Involvement in Business Abstract If evolution of man really occurred, then probably it took place in the business side of life and the way people carry it out. In the earlier years, the business sector was dominated by men, from the small scale businesses to large scale multinational organizations. This could have been the ‘stone age ‘of the business life characterized by male dominance in all the business sectors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Women Involvement in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At that time the preserve of women was the home and minor positions in the business arena. Women were perceived incapable of handling serious business matters, and were a bit sidelined in this area. This period was followed by the enlightenment era in which women began to realize the great potential and the influence on business environments that they posses. It is in this era that women started taking up senior positions i n business and transforming the organizations they work for. Women’s involvement in business has become a major issue that has raised mixed reactions from different corners of the business world. Women’s participation in business has seen the rise of great heroines like Vera Wang and Gail Kelly, who have made permanent marks in the male dominated business world. This paper discusses the issue of women in business and how it affects the way business is done at present. Women involvement in business has been an issue that has raised much debate and reactions from different corners of the world. Some perceive it as boost to business, while others see it as a barrier to commercial progress. In either of the perspectives, women involvement in business is a major issue associated with undertaking trade in the world today. This paper discuses how this issue affects businesses in today’s world. Definition and Description Women have been running businesses for quite a lo ng time without any serious recognition being accorded to them. The lack of recognition came because they worked in the invisible side of the business, which is behind their husbands. The only time they could rise was when their husbands had passed away or when they were forced by circumstances to do so. A number of factors in today’s world have contributed to the visibility of women in the business world. As more women joined the workforce in the recent past, they gained more professional and managerial experience and skills needed to rise to top positions in firms (Duff, 1993, p. 45).Advertising Looking for report on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Of recent, the trend has changed and we can see a lot of women coming to the limelight, with majority of them taking up challenging positions in the business world. Positions like chief executive officer, presidents, among others are now no longer reserves for the male gender. In earlier years the female folk dominated business sectors like the fashion and trends, and food sectors but of recent they have moved into men dominated domains like engineering and construction. Unlike men who enter businesses for growth opportunities and profit making, women join this world to meet personal goals like acquiring the feelings of accomplishment and achievement among others (Laurie, 1990, p. 34). Women tend to consider financial success as confirmation and proof that their ability is bearing proof rather than a motivation for joining business. Areas of Business Affected The issue of women in business has raised various reactions from various corners of the business world, specifically the areas where this issue has become a disadvantage rather than an advantage. There has been a trend of women taking up managerial positions in many organizations, and though this number is still low, the trend is growing gradually (Walsh Heppner, 2006, p. 461). Women in management positions account for thirty three percent of those in administrative posts and forty percent of those in professional related occupations (Davidson Burke, 2000, p. 224). Another area in which the issue of women in business is evident is the increasing number of female entrepreneurs. The number of women entrepreneurs has been increasing since the 1990s in which there were over six million female entrepreneurs in the United States alone (Davidson Burke, 2000, p. 234). It is estimated that by the onset of the twenty-first century, women will make up of fifty percent of the self employed American population. Women have owned businesses for years, but most of them have been working side by side with their spouses, and that is the reason their efforts have not been recognized. Despite working as employees, a number of women are leaving the employment field for self-employment due to number of factors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Women Involvement in Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These factors include discrimination against women more so in larger companies, sexual harassment, and the need to balance family and career life. Some women find entrepreneurship as the ideal solution to juggle the competing demands of family and career, in the case of single women this venture is a means of keeping poverty at bay (Silver, 1994, p. 56). Women entrepreneurship has further been facilitated by the sharing of responsibilities of taking of children in the household by both partners. It is no longer a trend in which the woman is left with all the child caring and house management issues as the man goes out to bring food for the family. This has further relieved the woman of some roles and given her much time to endeavor in business ventures. Further to this, the modern day law tends to promote equity and equality providing opportunities for women to excel in such f ields just like their male counterparts. Another sector of business that is seeing an increase in women representatives is the managerial side or the boardroom issues of organizations. The number of female heads is still insignificant especially in the third world nations, but many of them are gradually earning such positions. This aspect has further been propelled by the issues of gender equality and affirmative action, for example the Norwegian quota system of its state law proposes a forty percent female representation of the board members in any company (Vinnicombe, Singh, Burke, Bilimoria, Huse, 2008, p. 81). Women representation and influence in the board meetings has affected decision making and has a touch of ‘professionalization’ in the whole process depicted by more comprehensive and formal meetings (Vinnicombe et al., 2008, p. 120). Problems Associated Women involvement in business has presented some of the most unusual problems, and some have cost some comp anies millions in terms of revenues. Despite the fact that governments are fighting for an increased number of women representation in boardrooms, there is a great need for some decisions to be left to the male executives of the company.Advertising Looking for report on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though researchers have proved that women are better managers than men, there is need for the decision making to be left to the men. There could be isolated cases where women are good excellent decision makers, but the bigger portion of the pie suggests otherwise. Some of these problems include: Decline of Profits A greater women representation in companies boardrooms has a brought a positive effect on gender representation in the company at the expense of the company’s profits. Recent research shows that employing more women in boardrooms can destroy a company’s financial performance, since female directors focus more on getting rid of underperforming male executives, which could make the company less profitable (Koster, 2009, p. 1). This research further shows that companies having greater female representations in their boardrooms are less profitable with lower market values. Women are prompt at attending the board meetings and have a better record than their male c ounterparts, and in fact their traits could profit a badly-run company. On the contrary, these traits could negatively affect the well-governed companies. Lack of Authority The female folk generally lack the authoritative personality that their male executive counterparts possess. There are more focused on personal experiences, family, among other issues. Managers are fundamentally authoritative people, and are required to dictate the rules and the structure in order to manage the subordinates effectively. Incompetence The proposal by affirmative action to increase women representations in boardrooms has led to the employment of incompetent persons, in an attempt to fulfill the demands imposed by the law (Dodenhoff, 1997, p. 10). Incompetence is brought in by the fact, that employing unqualified women for the posts leads to declines in corporate governance, for example the Norwegian move to raise female representation in boardrooms by forty percent has led to an average of twenty pe rcent drop in corporate governance in the firms that brought in the new and relatively inexperienced female folks (Crumley, 2010, p. 8). Obtaining Financing for Entrepreneurs The female entrepreneurs normally face bigger challenges when it comes to obtaining financing as compared to men. In the recent past, women have faced discriminations when it comes to receiving loans for business ventures. Though this barrier is being lifted, it is still experienced in the third world countries and under-developed economies. Gender Discrimination Gender discrimination is evident in that women can only dominate certain businesses seen as feminine. Case Study The following are two case studies concerning women in business, including Gail Kelley and Vera Wang. Gail Kelley has managed to rise in ranks and transform the Australian Banking industry and has managed to become a force in the male dominated executive boards by becoming the first woman to head a public corporation in Australia. The next w oman is Vera Wang, an entrepreneur of a kind in the fashion and design business segment. She is known for her wide collection of wedding and bridesmaid gowns in America. Gail Kelley Gail Kelly is a successful Australian business woman, born in Pretoria South Africa in the late 1950’s. Currently, she is the chief executive officer of the prominent Australian bank, called Westpac and the first female executive officer of a major bank in Australia (Swanepoel, 2008, p. 21). Gail started off her career as a teacher in Zimbabwe after clearing her university studies in 1974, and then moved to South Africa with her husband where she continued with her teaching job. She was introduced to the banking industry by his father through his own connections and immediately she became a teller at the Nedcor Bank, which was South Africa’s fourth largest bank at that time. Through the bank’s training programs, she managed to climb the career ladder to several higher ranks. After ta king a year leave to do her MBA, she was appointed as the human resource head at Nedcor, and still rose to higher ranks and held various general manager positions at this bank. After moving with her family to Australia, she became the general manager of strategic marketing at the Commonwealth Bank, and eventually the CEO of St. George Bank in January 2002. She become the head of St. Georges Bank after the then chief executive passed away, leaving the position vacant. Her good performance and success at Commonwealth Bank made her a hot cake for this position, which she took over before moving on to where she is at the moment. At St. Georges Bank, Kelly managed to increase the profitability level, and increased the levels on return of assets, removing the bank from a takeover target in which it had fallen into. She further increased this bank’s capitalization by three billion dollars, making the bank to extend her contract indefinitely and give her a key pay rise. Her success a t this bank earned her the best financial services executive awards in two consecutive years;: 2003 and 2004. Four years later, she resigned from this bank to head Westpac, which later took over St. George Bank (Swanepoel, 2008, p. 21). In her time and with her impact, St. Georges Bank has become very profitable that it was earlier. Currently, Gail Kelly is the highest paid woman in Australia, the first woman CEO of Westpac, and the thirty second most powerful female in the world according to Forbes ranking of 2011. She is also the first woman to ever head one of Australia’s fifteen largest corporations. What is fascinating about her is the speed within which she rose to top positions from a mere teacher to the head of Australia’s fifth largest bank. She credits her reasons of success to giving every task the great attention it so much deserves, and creating an environment where each individual can do his best by creating teams of people who love working together. She further says the secret of success is not being motivated by money, ego or power, but instead achievement and achieving quality outcomes. This case study is about women involvement in the leadership of business organization, and their involvement in the boardrooms. I found it while doing my research about the influence of women in the business sector. It talks about one woman who has outdone many to dominate the men dictated executive positions. She is one woman who has transformed the banking business industry, and has lifted her organization from a muddy miry to profit haven. What made Kelly rise to these ranks occurred one day while she was still a teacher in Zimbabwe, when she became so much frustrated and disappointed by the students. Somehow, she had allowed the stress in the school interfere with her life and take away her happiness. Despite being married, she was still sad, and it is only after realizing that she can change her life and situations for better did she make a m ove to join the banking industry. It was doing what she loved most that mattered to her, and this aspect is what propelled her to success. Apart from this realization, she also gained from the banks training programs and her MBA, which gave her an upper hand during the period when major changes were taking place in the banks. Some of the challenges and problems that Kelley faced was the guerilla war and the effects of the apartheid rule, which they successfully managed to overcome. Moving to a new environment and country also provided a healing effect to overcome the problems that were manifesting themselves. Vera Wang Vera Wang is an American of Chinese origin, an excellent entrepreneur, and an excellent fashion designer widely known in New York, where she is based. Whenever her name; which is also her logo, is mentioned a wider variety of wedding gowns and bridesmaids gowns, jewelry, and other decors can be seen. She is known for her simple and contemporary designs which have ador ned many brides which has been her mark in the bridal fashion industry. This great female entrepreneur was born and brought up in the city of New York, with her Chinese parents of Shanghai origin in the late 1940s (Dakers, 2010, p. 15). While studying at high school she took training as figure skater as one of her co-curricular activities. She loved this game so much and often took part in number of competitions in the United States. After failing to make it to the United States Olympics team, she decided to drop this sport and join the fashion industry. Joining the fashion industry was a big decision to make, since she had a passion for ice skating, being forced to drop it for the sake of her studies depressed her. She then departed to paris, from where she developed the passion of fashion (Dakers, 2010, p. 15). In the fashion industry she got employed by Vogue, where she worked as senior fashion editor for around sixteen years (Dakers, 2010, p. 34). After being turned down the pos ition of an editor-in-chief she decided to leave this firm to join Ralph Lauren for the next two years before opening up her own design salon. Her shop dealt with trademarks and bridal gowns as the main product. Her presence in the fashion industry has seen her soar high after making wedding gowns for public figures like Chelsea Clinton and Campbell Brown among others. She was inspired to start up a bridal salon, while she was searching for the perfect dress fit for her wedding. She spent three months searching for the dress in several departmental stores and bridal salons. She failed to get thee dress that matched her preference and eventually she hired a dressmaker to create her dream gown which cost her ten thousand dollars. This experience became her inspiration for her new business endeavor. Later in 1990 after letting the business idea wait for nearly two years as they tried to get children, being newly wed, her father offered her financing so that she could launch her busines s right away. After receiving this initial capital, she opened up shops in New York and started her bridal business. In a bid to attract more customers she used colors and a lot of innovative ideas in her dresses and the use of illusion netting in her gowns which became her trademark. Eventually Wang’s vision has expanded beyond bridal attires, to ladies’ and men’s fragrance, designing mattress sets, and clothing for handbags, among others. Some of the problems and challenges that Wang’ faced include she had to wait for more than two years after getting married to his husband Becker since he wanted children. During this period she was on infertility drugs in an attempt to get pregnant, after getting married at forty years of age. Another challenge was the lack of financing, which forced her father to come to her rescue and offered her financial backing. She also had to fight the negative image that the fashion press had branded her, despite brides loving her dresses. The fashion press perceived her to be an insider to the fashion industry and due to this it was said that she was receiving special treatment. Summary The major issue that this paper was discussing was the involvement of women in business, which has raised various reactions from various corners of the world. In some places it has been positive, and in some isolated instances it has led to great regrettable losses. The specify areas where the influence of women has been seen in both positive and negative perspectives include the entrepreneurship aspect and the boardroom issues. As from the two case studies of Vera Wang and Gail Kelley, women too can achieve much in the corporate world. When women are given the support needed from the family and from fellow male employees they can produce the best of the best. Some of the problems that have been identified from women’s involvement in these two areas include: Decline of profits due to meddling with the executive le adership Lack of authority leading to poor coordination of subordinates Problems of obtaining finances due to gender bias Gender discrimination and sexual harassment Incompetency due to employing unqualified women To curb such problems the following solutions can be effective: Since women have proved effective in bringing up poorly managed companies, they should hold such positions in such companies. Only qualified and experienced women, irrespective of the affirmative action requirement should be employed to hold executive positions. Conclusion The issue of women in the workplace is a modern day trend, and it is there to stay. Man has moved from the days of male dominance to a cosmopolitan world where the women are called into the decision making boards. This paper has looked at some of the problems associated with the issue of women in business, it also has a case study of two successful women, and it has further provided solutions to the problems associated with women in busin ess. References Crumley, B. (2010, Apr 26). Boardroom revolution. Time Magazine. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1982304,00.html Dakers, D. (2010). Vera Wang: A passion for bridal and lifestyle design. St. Catharines, ON: Crabtree Publishing. Davidson, M., Burke, R. J. (2000). Women in management: Current research issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Dodenhoff, D. (1997). Affirmative action has negative consequences. The Business Journal, 4, 9-15. Duff, C. (1993). When women work together. Berkley, CA: Conari Press. Koster, O. (2009, Aug 8). Why ‘meddling’ women in the boardroom can wreck a company’s profile. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1205014/Why-meddling-women-boardroom-wreck-companys-performance.html Laurie, Z. (1990). On your own: A women’s guide to building business. Chicago, IL: Upstart Publishing. Silver, A. D. (1994). Enterprising Women. New York, NY: Amacom. Swa nepoel, S. (2008). Swanepoel trends report 2008. Laguna Niguel, CA: RealSure Publishing. Walsh, W. B., Heppner, M. J. (2006). Handbook of career counseling for women. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Vinnicombe, S., Singh, V., Burke, R. J., Bilimoria, D., Huse, M. (2008). Women on corporate board of directors: International research and practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Romeo Juliet Essays

Romeo Juliet Essays Romeo Juliet Paper Romeo Juliet Paper The tragic play of Romeo and Juliet was written by a world renowned script writer William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. William Shakespeare is for his great contribution to English literature. Even though nearly 400 after his death, many people choose to study his work over many other writers. Much of his work has been translated in a variety of languages. Shakespeare has accomplished many brilliant pieces of literature, like; sonnets, poems and play scripts. One of his most famous plays was Romeo and Juliet. This play is about a romantic tragedy of two lovers whos freedom to express their love is torn by the hatred between the families they are from. Both are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they viewed love in a very different concept. Many film directors have used the theme of this play in their movies. Some directors use the whole script or most of the script and have created many films based on Shakespeares work.The end of the pla y resulted in both of their tragic deaths. The following essay will explore how the characters and relationship of Romeo and Juliet evolve between act 1 and act 2.At the very beginning of the play before Romeo and Juliet meet, he feels deeply saddened because Rosaline, the girl he loves has rejected him. At this point he pities himself because of this: ay me sad hours seem long. Romeos character is very melodramatic; he takes things that have happened to him very seriously. Montague, Romeos father says that in the morning he sees Romeo crying: Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears. Shakespeare portrays Romeos character as being very venerable to situations that do not go to his accordance. At this point the audience will see Romeo as like a spoilt teenager, bearing in mind that he is from a very high class and status family and the only child of the Montague couple.Like the majority of teenagers of Romeos age, they are constantly troubles with issues concerning love and re lationships. However, in Romeos situation, Shakespeare has used the effect of love on Romeo but the audience sees Romeo taking his emotions and outcomes extremely seriously as if it were to be a very serious situation: Away from light steals home my heavy son, and private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks far daylight and makes himself an artificial night. This quote shows that Romeo is hutting himself in his chamber, this demonstrates that Romeo wants to be by himself. Overall, the first glimpses of Romeo shows himself as being a self centred teenager who takes things very seriously, which is not necessary.On the other hand, Juliets character before she meets Romeo is very venerable too and also obedient. At first, Juliets father confronted her with a proposal from a man called Paris: But now, my Lord, what say you to my suit. However, Juliet says herself that she has not thought of marriage yet: It is an honour that I dream not of. Juliet tells her mother th at she has thought about marriage, yet, she is not keen on being married. This is because she describes marriage as an honour. Further on, Juliets mother Lady Capulet asks her if she could love Paris: Speak briefly, can you like Paris love? Juliet replies by saying: Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart my eye than your consent gives me strength to make it fly. Juliets response is that she will try to bond and like Paris if her parents give her their consent. Shakespeare is presenting to the audience that Juliet at this point is very obedient to her parents; she will only do what pleases her parents.Another characteristic of Juliet is that she is venerable, and because of this she is protected by her family, the Capulet family. A quote which suggests this is: My child is yet a stranger to the world. Her father is telling Paris that his daughter is new to the world. She has no understanding of the happenings outside the Capulet house. The previous q uote could also suggest that she is still young. Capulet is very protective towards his only daughter: And soon marrd are those so early made, Capulet is saying that it could ruin Juliet is she gets married and gives birth at an early age. This significantly shows that he is concerned about her wellbeing so he prevents her from marriage until a certain point in time: let two summers wither in their pride, Capulet is giving his consent to Paris to marry Juliet after the passing of two summers so she can mature more. Juliet is the only daughter of Capulet that means that she will probably be spoilt and will be protected. Capulet says himself that she is his world: The earth hath sawllowd all my hopes but she, she is the hopeful lady of my earth, this quote also suggests that Juliet is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve too.The first impressions the audience will draw towards on Romeo and Juliet is that Romeo is a self catered teenager and is melodramatic whereas Juliet is obedient, protected, venerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. Shakespeare uses situations in the play that concern Romeo and situations that concern Juliet. However, the main point is that these situations reveal the characteristics of the pair before they meet each other. From analysing their characteristic the audience can see that Romeo and Juliet is a dangerous combination. Also foreshadowing what is to come in later scenes. The reasons for this is that in one hand Romeo is melodramatic and always wants what he desires and on the other hand Juliet is highly obedient. So, Romeo will want Juliets heart and Juliet is obedient so she may accept it.Romeo is at the Capulet house, where a party is taking place. Despite the fact that the Montague are the sworn enemy of the Capulet, Romeo still takes the risk and attends. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he comes out with a soliloquy. Shakespeare has done this so Romeos inner thoughts can be revealed to the audience. Romeo opens the soliloquy by complimenting Juliets beauty: O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheeks of night. Romeo describes Juliets beauty, her face makes her seem bright like fire, and he associates fire with Juliets beauty. He continues: Like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear; Beauty too for use, for earth too dear!Romeo compares Juliet to an Ethiopian with jewel dangling from her ear, he says she is too good for everyday life; she is something unique and special. The play Romeo and Juliet, in terms of the comparison of darkness and light, this theme shows up commonly in successive scenes. The comparison of dark and light is a fundamental element of their love, it is interesting to note that significant love scenes are set in the dark not in the disarray of the day. This significantly suggests that Romeo loves Juliet at night. However, he kills Tybalt while it is day. This idea is particularly evident in the first act, in the way Romeo is said to be shutting out the daylight while he is yea rning for his love and the rejection of Rosaline.Romeo seems to be forgetting Rosaline. The beauty of Juliet has illumined Romeo and he has given up being depressed over Rosaline: Did my heart love till now? For swear it sight. Romeo is thinking that has he ever known love until he saw Juliet. Then he again speaks of Juliets beauty in the last line of the soliloquy: For I never saw beauty till this night. The previous quotation verifies that Romeo has given up the love of Rosaline and he now thinks that he has seen true beauty and is in complete love with Juliet. From what the audience have seen from Romeo so far at the first meeting with Juliet is that he has changed his course of love. The audience will see his character as fickle; he is jumping from one woman to another. This shows how immature Romeo is; he takes every opportunity to meet his circumstances.Juliets first glimpse of Romeo was when he confronted her in the party. Romeo uses clever language and double meaning to sedu ce her: If I profane with my unworthiest hand. This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo is saying to Juliet if he were to touch her he would be committing blasphemy. Shakespeare has used words such as holy shrine and pilgrims; he does this to make Juliet seem pure like religion. What Romeo is trying to do here is to kiss Juliet. However, Juliet hearing that Romeo is comparing her to a shrine, she continues with this religious concept. Juliet calls Romeo a Good pilgrimJuliet then replies to the proposal from Romeo to kiss her: For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch. And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss: By using religious theme like Romeo when he spoke to her, Juliet suggests that they should kiss but do it by touching hands. Romeo seems unsatisfied by this and he again proposes to kiss by using their lips: Have not saint lips, and holy palmers too? Juliet flatly refuses his second proposal: Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. Juliet says that pilgrims use their lips in prayer. Romeo who is the type who does not take no for an answer again persists for a kiss: O, then, dear saint, let lips do; they pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. Romeo says that let both of their lips touch or the faith he has in her will turn to despair. Juliet, who has never experienced a situation like this before is left with two paths; either to accept Romeos proposal, or turn him down.Bearing in mind the fact that Juliet has not yet grasped the understanding of true human nature outside her home, so unfortunately she falls under the lure from Romeo and accepts his asking: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. This is Juliets way of indicating her approval. Juliets lack of understanding in the sense of love makes her easily owned by Romeo. This scene at the party was Juliets first ever awakening to love. Romeo successfully achieves what he ai med for, but he only managed to do it after a couple of failed attempts which were used as persuasion techniques used on Juliet. Romeos last asking to Juliet probably made her think that she would lose someone who could love her.She never had anyone else but Paris who she can give her love to and now that she has been given a dose of Romeos interpretation of love she made the decision to accept his love. Romeo has done enough to convince Juliet that he is the one for her. The audience will now view Juliet as obedient to what Romeo has said to her. Adding to that, she is immature for accepting melodramatic Romeos wish. Romeo says himself that he will turn to despair, which is again demonstrating his melodramatic character. This could be one of the reasons for Juliets acceptance. She did not want to refuse an opportunity for love.At this point in the play, it can easily be verified that Romeo has control over Juliet, in terms of their relations to one another during their first meetin g. The first reason which justifies the previous statement is that Romeo notices Juliet before she does. Further on, he lures himself to her and also he asks her permission to kiss her and eventually he wins her. While, on the other hand Juliet cab be named as the follower because of her obedience to Romeos desire. Juliets characteristic in this scene can also be traced back in previous scenes where there is evidence showing her obedience. Juliet presented her obedience to her mother by stating that she will only love Paris if her parents give her their consent. however, in the current situation Juliet seems to be forgetting Paris asking for her hand in marriage and her sayings to her mother, now she has exited them thoughts and ideas for new ones. Currently Juliet has accepted Romeos affection towards her and seems to be overwhelmed by it. Obedience is still roaming in her characteristics but not towards her parents instead it is towards Romeo.It is interesting to note that Shakesp eare formatted Romeo and Juliets first meeting in the form of a sonnet. Sonnets are of Shakespeares own creation, he invented this form of literature for a purpose. The ultimate significance of sonnets is that its purpose was originally used as a piece of writing demonstrating a theme of romance and love. In this case, where Romeo has met Juliet for the first time, the use of a sonnet seems necessary to emphasize the strong romantic bond between them.Shakespeare has cleverly devised a religious concept, which is the theme of the conversation between Romeo and Juliet, calling her a Shrine and reference of her as a Saint. The choices of words show how Romeo feels towards Juliets beauty. Romeo sees eh beauty and ranks her as a shrine. In Romeos point of view, Juliet seems abnormal to him, because her facial features are described as bright. In a religious idea, a shrine would be a sacred monument that holds an important sector in a followers life, also would be portrayed as something h oly. This is exactly what Romeo is trying to show Juliet that he feels that she can be associated to a shrine because of her beauty that has attracted Romeo.This religious imagery is then continued then continued by Juliet. Juliet, in her response to Romeo calls him a pilgrim. Significantly, a pilgrim is the one who prays or does religious activities at a holy shrine. So when Juliet says: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, she is relating to what Romeo called her, showing her desire to align herself with him. Shakespeares use of religious imagery was for Romeo to use double meaning in order to gain what he wanted. This is a sacrilegious sonnet in which Juliet is a saint or shrine that is to be kissed by Romeo who is a pilgrim. This also relates to the actual fact that Romeo mean pilgrim in Italian and the play is set in Verona.Romeo and Juliets first meeting has been dramatised by Shakespeare in a remarkable way. The reason for its significance is that Juliet has been en gaged at this party. However, she meets Romeo, who swiftly gives up all emotions towards Rosaline and at the party he has revealed his feelings for Juliet. At the end of the party, both Romeo and Juliet have been touched emotionally by each other.The audience already have full knowledge about the hatred and conflicts between Romeos family and Juliets family. Despite the concern of a violent incident, the young Montague still decide to attend the Capulet party that has been invited to all except the Montague family. Romeo being amongst the group has been noticed by Juliets cousin Tybalt: This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Tybalt informs his uncle Capulet about the sighting of Romeo. Much to his surprise, Capulet does not give his permission to Tybalt to do anything to Romeo because this would embarrass Capulet in the presence of his guests: Youll not endure him! God shall mend my soul! Youll make a mutiny among my guests! Shakespeare has made the first meeting of Romeo and Jul iet very dramatic according its circumstances. Romeo is full aware that if he and his fellow friends are noticed they may be killed. However, Romeo still takes the risk, he does not seem too worried, this ultimately exposes his sense of immaturity.After all guests have left, Romeo decides to head back to see Juliet again. So he walked through the Capulet orchard and eventually finds Juliet up on a balcony. Romeo talks to himself about Juliet, and Juliet is unaware of his presence. When Romeo sees Juliet again he says: But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?, It is the east, and Juliet is the sun, Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. Romeo then invokes the darkness or the night as a type of safeguard from harm: I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. This conflict between darkness and light or day and night will not end until the disarray of the day in due course overcomes the passionate nights and ultimately this finishes the lives of both lovers.This also demonstrates Romeos metaphoric use of imagery of the cosmos. In one of the quotes above, Romeo is saying that Juliet is the sun and she should kill the moon that is jealous because of Juliets beauty. Personification is also present in that quote, because in reality the moon will not be able to feel jealousy. Romeo has always compared Rosaline to the moon and now that he is in love with Juliet he believes his love for Juliet has outshone the love that he had for Rosaline. This could have referred to Greek mythology because Romeo later says: Be not her maid, since she is envious: Her vestal livery and none but fools wear it; cast if off. Romeo is suggesting that Juliet should no longer worship the Greek god and lose her virginity to him. This reveals his inner thoughts and showing his impulsiveness.Romeo also states that Juliet is his love: It is my lady, O, it is my love! an example of a hyperbole that is used by Romeo is when he says: Two of the fairest stars in all the heavens havi ng some business, do entreat her eyes to twinkle in their spheres till they return. Romeo is describing Juliets eyes as being so bright that they are like start n the night sky. Romeo also says that he wishes that he were a glove on Juliets hand so he can feel her cheek: O, that! Were a glove upon that hand, that o might touch that cheek! so far the audience has witnessed Romeos inner thoughts. Romeo also exposes his sexual desire to make love to Juliet. Romeo begins to present evidence of growing maturity in this scene of the balcony. His speeches that he is saying to himself are now in blank verse relatively different from the rhythmic iambic pentameter apparent in his earlier sonnets and couplets. Romeo is no longer the miserable that was shown in several accounts in Act 1. Up to this point; Romeo has articulated his feelings in a traditional and idiomatic style.Juliet discovers that Romeo is a Montague and if Juliet falls in love with him, this case will certainly coincide with the disapproval from both their parents and families. However, Juliet is not troubled by this. Juliet is talking to herself in the balcony unaware of Romeo listening to her: O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny they father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. Juliet is saying that she is prepared to throw away her family name just to be with Romeo. Hearing this, Romeo is fully assured that Juliet has feelings for him, he hesitates to make the decision of carrying on listening to her or to talk to her: Shall, I hear more, or shall I speak at this? Juliet feels that it does not matter what Romeos name is, all that matters is that he is still the same person: Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.Juliet soon discovers Romeo has heard what she was saying: What man art thou that thus bescreend in night so stumblest on my counsel. Juliet is shocked when confronted by Romeo. Ro meo says that his name is like an enemy to him: My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself, because is an enemy to thee. Notice that Romeo is referring back to their first meeting: dear saint. Romeo is so desperate to win Juliets heart that he is willing to fulfil Juliets satisfaction and throw away his name. Juliet tells Romeo that if he were to be caught climbing over the Capulet walls he would be killed, Romeo immaturely replies: For string limits cannot hold love out Therefore the kinsmen are not let to me.Romeo behaves in a sweet manor towards Juliet: Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of their swords. Romeo is telling Juliet that is she was to look at him harshly that would be more painful than someone coming to him with a sword. Romeo thinks Juliet as being his possession: I would adventure for some merchandise, Romeo sees love as an adventure. Juliet is obviously impressed by the romantic language used by Romeo: Thou knowst the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheeks. Juliet discloses to Romeo that is it was not dark he would be able to see Juliets face. Juliet asks Romeo if he loves her: Dost thou love me? instead of hearing a response from Romeo,Juliet predicts his response: I know thou wilt say Ay and I will take thy word: yet if thou swearst thou mayst prove false, Juliet tells Romeo that she knows he will reply yes to her question, however, she did not let him give his reply because she is nervous that he will say no. Juliet also informs Romeo that she is not easily won: If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully or if thou thinkst I am too quickly won.Romeo is left in a slight dilemma: O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? Romeo asks Juliet if she is going to leave him unsatisfied. Juliet got an impression that he wants to do something physical with her: What satisfaction canst thou have tonight? Juliet tells Romeo that in no circumstances will there be any physical activities going on between th em. Without any delay Romeo makes a proposal to her: The exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. Juliet happily informs that she has already given her consent before his proposal: I gave thee mine before thou didst request it. On the night of Juliets engagement to Paris, she has given her consent to the proposal for marriage from Romeo. In the matter of only the first day of Romeo and Juliets meeting, they have already exchanged vows. This shows how quickly their relationship has progressed.Romeos attitude to love is that he feels it is an adventure. Romeo, without any hesitation has taken the burden of marriage at an inexperienced age and with an inexperienced 13 year old. He seems to not understand the fundamental aspects of love, he makes situations more chaotic. He has fallen into love with someone on the day they met and on that very same he asks her to get married. Whereas, on the other hand we have Juliet, who sees love as something that develops and progresses over time : This bud of love, by summers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. She is saying that she sees love as a flower that will blossom beautifully over time. Ironically, flowers die in the end and the dramatic irony in this is that they both die in the end. Juliet also uses an epithet when she says: sweet Montague.The dynamic of Romeo and Juliets relationship has changed too, Juliet feels more confident. Juliet is obviously overwhelmed because Romeo has displayed his sincerity by declaring a marriage proposal and exchange vows. The evidence that proves that Juliet has more confidence and she has taken over control in the following quote: Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow, by on that Ill proceed to come to thee, where and what time thou wilt perform the rite. This is an open display of how the dynamic of their relationship of their relationship has changed. Juliet organises the marriage, she also proposes that they should get married tomorrow. Juliet asks Romeo what time they will get married tomorrow, he replies: At the hour of nine. She responds to this by saying: I will not fail: tis twenty years till then. She uses extreme exaggeration; this is an example a hyperbole.Juliets character has evolved from what she was in the opening scenes. She is more confident in making her own decisions and is no longer obedient toward her parents. Romeo has left his old self where he was melodramatic, but he would have been over exaggerating if Juliet too did not did not approve of his emotions. However, Romeo has revealed his impulsive nature when he asked Juliet for hand in marriage on the night of their meeting.Over Acts 1 and 2 the audience have witnessed vast changes in Romeo and Juliets character. We have seen how Juliet and Romeos character has evolved and we can conclude that the couple make a dangerous combination. The reasons for this is that Romeo will proceed into great lengths to satisfy hi inner desire and Juliet is in illusio n by Romeos choice of language and romantic nature. Eventually the couple will lead to their own destruction because of their tragic deaths in the final scene. Because of the fact that they are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they do not have the sufficient knowledge and experience and this also results in their death. Shakespeare has devised this play script in a unique way; his message is to show how young love without any experience may conclude in a tragedy. He has displayed how the individual characteristics of two lovers and their attitude to love can demolish their lives.